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Healing & Alternative Health
Dr. Carson's Holistic Animal Care:



Signs of the Aging
Dog and Cat
Part 15:
Organs of the Abdomen: Diseases of the Liver: Treatment



by Kathleen M. Carson, D.V.M

How would your geriatric dog or cat be treated if he/she is diagnosed with liver disease?


The treatment of liver disease consists of specific treatments and supportive/symptomatic
treatments.

Examples of the specific treatments are:

1.) antibiotics if infection is found,
2.) anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive drugs if inflammation/autoimmune disease is found,
3.) chemotherapy if cancer is found.


In addition to the specific treatments listed above, there are many treatments fitting under the category of supportive/symptomatic treatments for the patient with liver disease. How many are used in any given situation depends on how sick the patient is and what symptoms he/she has. If your cat or dog with liver disease is eating and keeping food down, as well as more or less maintaining his weight, then home care will probably be enough. On the other hand, if she is not eating, vomiting frequently, losing weight, and/or is dehydrated and weak, then a hospital stay is in order - at least until stability is achieved.


If your dog or cat with liver disease has to be hospitalized, he will probably be put on intravenous fluids (I.V.), which serve the purpose of rehydrating him. Other things can also be added to the I.V. fluids, such as dextrose for energy and B vitamins. If your animal is vomiting, then injections of an anti-emetic (anti-vomiting) drug will be given. (An oral anti-emetic drug probably would be vomited right back up!).


If your cat has hepatic lipidosis, the liver condition I mentioned last month where the liver becomes infiltrated by fat, then a feeding tube will be installed while your cat is in the hospital. This is an essential part of the treatment for this condition. Without it, your cat will die, for cats with hepatic lipidosis completely quit eating - for weeks or months. With the feeding tube cats can be saved who would have died 20 years ago.


The tube can be inserted through the nose and thence down to the esophagus or stomach (NE or NG tube). However, the NE/NG tubes are uncomfortable for longterm use, and, if your cat is vomiting, the tube probably won’t stay in place.


Most commonly, the tube is placed in the esophagus and thence into the stomach (esophagostomy tube). The esophagus lies close under the skin on the left hand side of your cat’s neck. It is usually placed under shortterm general anesthesia.


In some cases, a tube is inserted through the abdominal wall into the stomach (gastrostomy tube) or into the small intestine (jejunostomy tube). Obviously, a more complex procedure is necessary to insert these latter tubes.


A liquid, high calorie diet is then fed through the tube in frequent, small amounts. This continues until your cat starts to eat on her own again - usually after several weeks or even months.


If your animal has gallstones, then surgery to remove them will be necessary.


Supportive/symptomatic treatments used in home care could include some or all of the following:

1.) Anti-emetic drugs

2.) A drug called Actigall (ursodiol), which increases bile flow (thus reducing bile stasis), is anti-inflammatory, and may protect hepatic cells from toxic bile acids.

3.) Vitamins: K, B12, E, and C

4.) Supplements: Milk thistle, SAM-e, L-carnitine (not R-carnitine), taurine, dandelion

5.) Diet: ideally, one lower in protein and fat and higher in carbohydrates. An example would be Hills’ L/D.


An animal with liver disease sometimes has diseases of other organs in the body, for example, the pancreas, the gastrointestinal tract, the thyroid glands, and the kidneys.

This is especially true in cats, where a condition called triaditis is often seen. Triaditis refers to concommitant disease of the liver, intestines, and pancreas. The diseases of the other organs must be treated at the same time as the liver.


Next month I’ll write about diseases of the pancreas.

Dr. Kathleen Carson, DVM
Veterinarian & Author


Dr. Carson received her Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from the University of California at Davis in 1968. She's been a small animal practitioner (dogs and cats ) for all the years since, except for a short stint at the San Diego Zoo when she first graduated.


She belongs to the American Veterinary Medical Association and the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association.


Since 1974 she's lived and practiced in the South Bay Area near Los Angeles. She started the area's first house call practice in 1976 and the first pet crisis/loss group in 1989. The human-animal bond is of special interest to her.


She started exploring complementary veterinary medicine in 1987. Her practice became 100% holistic in 1996. She utilizes acupuncture, herbs, supplements, Bach Flower Remedies, homeopathic remedies, nutrition and medications for her patients in her practice.


She's currently taking a leave of absence from her house call practice due to health reasons but continues to do phone consultations and to write.



E-mail:
Critterhlr@aol.com



website:
http://www.holistic
vetconsult.com


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